Reduced Exercise Capacity, Chronotropic Incompetence, and Early Systemic Inflammation in Cardiopulmonary Phenotype Long Coronavirus Disease 2019 

We investigated a subset of LIINC participants for cardiopulmonary dysfunction >1 year after their initial COVID-19 infection. We found that among those with Long COVID, nearly 50% had reduced exercise capacity and overall, the group had lower peak oxygen consumption compared to those without Long COVID symptoms. This was also correlated with increased inflammatory markers in the blood.